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California as a warning for America
by Tom McClintock
Congressman Tom McClintock offered remarks in Washington , D.C. , on
Friday to the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Pacific Research
Institute that clearly illustrate why California is facing such a
large fiscal mess. His beginning joke is so funny because it is so
true:
"I know that everybody likes to poke fun at California - but I can
tell you right now that despite all of its problems, California
remains one of the best places in the world to build a successful
small business. All you have to do is start with a successful large
business."
Here is the rest of the speech:
Laugh if you will, but let me remind you that when these policies
finish wrecking California, there are still 49 other states we can all
move to - and yours is one of them.
I should also warn you of the strange sense of déjà-vu that I have
every day on the House floor as I watch the same folly and blunders
that wrecked California now being passed with reckless abandon in this
Congress.
We passed a "Cash-for-Clunkers" bill the other day - we did that years
ago in California.
Doubling the entire debt every five years? Been there.
Increasing spending at unsustainable rates? Done that.
Save-the-Planet-Carbon-Dioxide restrictions? Got the T-Shirt.
To understand how these policies can utterly destroy an economy and
bankrupt a government, you have to remember the Golden State in its
Golden Age.
A generation ago, California spent about half what it does today AFTER
adjusting for both inflation and population growth.
And yet, we had the finest highway system in the world and the finest
public school system in the country. California offered a FREE
university education to every Californian who wanted one. We produced
water and electricity so cheaply that many communities didn't bother
to measure the stuff. Our unemployment rate consistently ran well
below the national rate and its diversified economy was nearly
recession-proof.
One thing - and one thing only - has changed in those years: public
policy. The political Left gradually gained dominance over California
's government and has imposed a disastrous agenda of radical and
retrograde policies that have destroyed the quality of life that
Californians once took for granted.
The Census Bureau reports that in the last two years 2/3 of a million
more people have moved out of California than have moved into it. Many
are leaving for the garden spots of Nevada , Arizona and Texas . Think
about that. California is blessed with the most equitable climate in
the entire Western Hemisphere; it has the most bountiful resources
anywhere in the continental United States; it is poised on the Pacific
Rim in a position to dominate world trade for the next century, and
yet people are finding a better place to live and work and raise their
families in the middle of the Nevada and Arizona and Texas deserts.
You can trace the collapse of California's economy to several critical
events: the rise of environmental Ludditism beginning in 1974; the
abandonment of constitutional checks and balances that once
constrained spending and borrowing; and the rise of rule by public
employee unions . There are other factors as well: litigation,
taxation, illegal immigration - but for the sake of time let me
concentrate on the big three.
The first was the rise of environmental Ludditism with the election of
a radical new-age leftist named Jerry Brown as governor of the state -
an election that also produced overwhelming liberal majorities in both
legislative houses.
Like Obama today, Brown lost little time in pursuing his vision of
California - an incoherent combination of pastoral simplicity,
European socialism and centralized planning. At the center of this
world view was a backward ideology that he called his "era of limits"
- the naïve notion that public works were growth inducing and
polluting and that stopping the expansion of infrastructure somehow
excused government from meeting the needs of an expanding population.
Conservation replaced abundance as the chief aim of California 's
public works, and public policy was redirected to developing
irresistible incentives for the population to concentrate in dense
urban cores rather than to settle in suburban communities. Brown
infused his vision into every aspect of public policy, and it is a
testament to his thoroughness and tenacity that its basic tenets have
dominated the direction of California through both Republican and
Democratic administrations.
He cancelled the state's highway construction program, abandoning many
routes in mid-construction. He cancelled long-planned water projects,
conveyance facilities and dams. He established the California Energy
Commission that blocked approval of any significant new generating
capacity. He enacted volumes of environmental regulations that created
severe impediments to home and commercial construction, empowering an
incipient no-growth movement that began on the most extreme fringe of
the environmental cause and quickly spread. This movement reached its
zenith with Arnold Schwarzenegger and the enactment of AB 32 and
companion legislation in 2006. This measure gives virtually unchecked
authority to the California Air Resources Board to force Draconian
reductions in carbon dioxide emissions by 2020.
This has dire implications to entire segments of California 's
economy: agriculture, baking, distilling, cargo and passenger
transportation, cement production, manufacturing, construction and
energy production, to name a few.
We, too, were promised an explosion of "green jobs," but exactly the
opposite has happened.
Up until that bill took effect, California 's unemployment numbers
tracked very closely with the national unemployment rate. But since
then, California 's unemployment rate began a steady upward divergence
from the national jobless figures. Today, California 's unemployment
rate is more than two points above the national rate, and at its
highest point since 1941.
The second problem is structural: the collapse of the checks and
balances and other constitutional and traditional constraints on
government spending and borrowing.
Let me mention a few of them.
The State Supreme Court decision in Serrano v. Priest severed the use
of local revenue for local schools and invited the state take-over of
public education. AB 8 of 1979 - the legislature's response to
Proposition 13 - essentially did the same thing to local governments
generally.
This means that vast bureaucracies have grown up over the service
delivery level, wasting more and more resources while hamstringing
teachers in their classrooms, wardens in their prisons and city
councils in their towns.
Next, constitutional constraints on fiscal excesses began to fall. In
1983, Gov. George Deukmejian approved legislation to remove the
governor's ability to make mid-year budget corrections without having
to return to the legislature. The loss of this provision exposed the
state to chronic deficit spending by removing any ability of the
governor to rapidly respond to changing economic conditions. In 1989,
Deukmejian sponsored Proposition 111 that destroyed the Gann Spending
Limit that had held increases in state spending to inflation and
population growth. If that limit had remained intact, California would
be enjoying a budget surplus today.
The disastrous tax increases by Pete Wilson in 1991 and Arnold
Schwarzenegger this year were made possible by this tragic blunder.
Finally, we've watched the constitutional budget process that had
produced relatively punctual and relatively balanced budgets for
nearly 150 years collapse in favor of an extra-constitutional
abomination called the big five.
That new process, that began under Pete Wilson and has culminated
under Arnold Schwarzenegger bypasses the entire legislative
deliberative process in favor of an annual deal struck between the
governor and legislative leaders behind closed doors and handed to the
legislature as a fait accompli.
This short-circuits the separation of powers that is designed to
discipline fiscal excess and it literally bargains away the line-item
veto authority of the governor. It is a process that allows
legislative leaders to extract concessions from the executive that
would not be possible if the separation of powers were maintained.
With the checks against excessive spending broken down, borrowing
became the preferred method of public finance. The Constitutional
requirement that all taxpayer-supported debt be approved by voters
began to erode in the 1930's, when a depression-era Supreme Court
decision allowed the state to run a temporary deficit in the event of
an economic down-turn - as long as the shortfall was addressed in the
following fiscal year. This practice was narrowly construed until the
Wilson administration began using it to justify spreading out a single
year's budget deficit over several years.
During the 1980's, Gov. Deukmejian began employing a legal fiction
called a "lease revenue bond," to circumvent constitutionally required
voter approval.
Although Proposition 13 still protects property owners from
unsustainable increases in their property taxes, most of the other
fiscal constraints are now gone, and California has entered a period
of unprecedented public debt to finance an unprecedented expansion of
state government.
The third factor that also can be traced back to the 1970's was the
radical transformation that took place in the nature and power of the
state's public employee unions. Until that time, state law prohibited
public employee strikes against the public and prohibited collective
bargaining or closed shops.
During the Jerry Brown era, a series of collective bargaining acts
handed to public sector unions all the rights and powers of private
sector unions - but without any of the natural constraints on private
sector unions. The unions soon brought these newly-won powers to bear
to elect hand-picked officials to state and local office.
Today, political expenditures by public employee unions exceed all
other special interest groups, while they hold compliant majorities in
the state legislature and most local agencies.
The result has been radically escalating personnel costs and radically
deteriorating performance.
The impact on governmental services has been devastating. Despite
exploding budgets, service delivery is collapsing. Firing incompetent
teachers has become a virtual impossibility, adding to the
deterioration of educational quality. Essential services can no longer
be performed because labor costs have made it impossible to sustain
those services.
Today, California is like the shopkeeper who leased out too much
space, ordered too much inventory, hired too many people and paid them
too much. Every month the shopkeeper covers his shortfalls with
borrowing and bookkeeping tricks. Ultimately, he will reach a tipping
point where anything he does makes his situation worse. Borrowing
costs are eating him alive and he's running out of credit. Raising
prices causes his sales to decline. And there's only so much
discretionary spending he can cut.
That's the state's predicament in a nutshell. California 's borrowing
costs now exceed the budget of the entire University of California and
it is increasingly likely that it will fail to find lenders when it
must borrow billions to pay its bills at the end of this month.
Ignoring dire warnings, Gov. Schwarzenegger and legislators from both
parties earlier this year imposed the biggest state tax increase in
American history.
And I can assure you that the Laffer curve is alive and well. In the
first two months after the tax increase took effect, state revenues
have plunged 33 percent.
Although there are many obsolete, duplicative or low priority programs
and expenditures that the state can - and should - do without, there
aren't enough of them to come anywhere close to closing California 's
deficit.
Sadly, California has reached the terminal stage of a bureaucratic
state, where government has become so large and so tangled that it can
no longer perform even basic functions.
Fortunately, we have a model that we know works. A generation ago, it
produced a high quality of public service at a much lower cost. It
maximized management flexibility and it required accountability at the
service delivery level. It recognized that only when commerce and
enterprise flourish can we finance the basic responsibilities of
government.
Restoring this efficiency will require a governor and a legislature
with the political will to wrestle control from the public employee
unions, dismantle the enormous bureaucracies that have grown up over
the service delivery level, decentralize administration and decision
making, contract out services that the private sector can provide more
efficiently, rescind the recent tax increases that are costing the
state money and roll back the regulatory obstacles to productive
enterprise.
Alas, we don't have such leaders and even if we did, the systemic
reorganization of the state government can't be accomplished
overnight. Restructuring the public schools would take at least a
year; prisons at least two; and health and welfare three to five years
before serious savings could be realized.
This brings us to the fine point of the matter. What Churchill called
history's "terrible, chilling words" are about to be pronounced on
California 's failed leadership: "too late."
A federal loan guarantee or bailout may be the only way to buy time
for the restructuring of California 's bureaucracies to take effect,
but the discussion remains academic until and unless the state
actually adopts the replacement structures, unburdens its shrinking
productive sector and presents a credible plan to redeem the state's
crushing debt and looming obligations.
Without these actions, federal intervention will only make California
's problems worse by postponing reform, continuing unsustainable
spending and piling up still more debt.
In short, if California won't help itself, the federal government
cannot, should not and must not.
And before anyone gets too smug at California 's agony, remember
this: Congress is now enacting the same policies at the national level
that have caused the collapse of California . So whistle past this
cemetery if you must, but remember the medieval epitaph: "Remember man
as you walk by, as you are now so once was I; as I am now so you will
be." The good news is there is still time for the nation to avoid
California 's fate. If anything, the collapse of California can at
least serve as a morality play for the rest of the nation -
unfortunately in the form of a Greek tragedy.
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